Module 5 — Subtopic 1
Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET)
A foundational learning model in TVET that emphasises mastery of occupational competencies, authentic performance, and industry-validated outcomes.
A foundational learning model in TVET that emphasises mastery of occupational competencies, authentic performance, and industry-validated outcomes.
Integrated Notes (Single Block)
Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET) is a learning and assessment model in which progression and certification are determined by a learner’s ability to demonstrate clearly defined competencies aligned with occupational standards. Unlike time-based or content-driven models, CBET focuses on what learners can do in real work contexts. In TVET systems, CBET ensures that training outcomes are directly linked to industry needs, workplace performance, and employability.
CBET
Competency Standards
Mastery Learning
Authentic Assessment
Industry Alignment
Core principle: In CBET, time is flexible but standards are fixed.
Learners progress when they can consistently perform to the required standard,
not when they complete a fixed number of hours.
1) Key Characteristics of CBET
Defining features
- Competency standards derived from occupational roles
- Clear performance criteria and evidence requirements
- Learning organised into modules or units of competency
- Flexible learning pathways and pacing
What CBET is NOT
- Not purely theory-based instruction
- Not dependent on seat-time or contact hours
- Not norm-referenced or comparative grading
- Not assessment based on recall alone
2) CBET Learning Design in TVET
Curriculum design
- Competency units mapped to job tasks
- Learning outcomes stated as observable performance
- Integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes
Instructional approach
- Demonstration → guided practice → independent performance
- Workshop-based and workplace-based learning
- Coaching and formative feedback
3) Assessment in CBET
Assessment principles
- Validity: assessment reflects real job performance
- Reliability: consistent judgement across assessors
- Fairness: clear criteria and transparent processes
- Sufficiency: adequate evidence across contexts
Assessment methods
- Direct observation of task performance
- Workplace simulation and practical tests
- Portfolio of evidence (logbooks, videos, products)
- Industry or supervisor validation
4) Roles in a CBET System
Trainer / Instructor
- Facilitates practice and mastery
- Provides continuous formative feedback
- Aligns instruction with assessment criteria
Assessor / Industry
- Judges evidence against competency standards
- Ensures workplace relevance
- Supports validation and moderation
5) CBET Process Flow (Big Visual)
Conclusion: CBET ensures that TVET graduates are certified based on
demonstrated competence, not time spent in training.
When properly implemented, CBET strengthens industry confidence,
improves employability, and supports lifelong learning pathways.