Overview
This module explores the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research in education. It introduces participants to the philosophical assumptions, research designs, and practical approaches that shape both paradigms. By understanding these differences, participants can make informed decisions when selecting the most suitable methodology for their research projects.

Philosophical Perspectives
Quantitative research is rooted in positivism, which assumes that reality is objective, measurable, and independent of the researcher. It focuses on collecting numerical data to test hypotheses, analyze variables, and establish causal relationships.
In contrast, qualitative research is grounded in interpretivism or constructivism, emphasizing meaning, experience, and social context. It seeks to understand how individuals interpret their world and construct knowledge through lived experiences.

Design and Practice
Quantitative research designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, and survey methods, emphasizing control, measurement, and generalization.
Qualitative research designs include case study, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative inquiry, which focus on rich, descriptive exploration of real-life contexts.

Data and Analysis
Quantitative research uses numerical data analyzed statistically using tools such as SPSS, while qualitative research relies on descriptive data such as interviews, observations, and documents analyzed through coding, categorization, and thematic interpretation using tools like NVivo.

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this module, participants will be able to:

1. Explain the philosophical foundations of qualitative and quantitative research.

2. Identify the strengths, limitations, and applications of each research paradigm.

3. Choose the most appropriate approach for different educational research contexts.